MYSQL_TABLE(5)                                                  MYSQL_TABLE(5)

NAME
       mysql_table - Postfix MySQL client configuration

SYNOPSIS
       postmap -q "string" mysql:/etc/postfix/filename

       postmap -q - mysql:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile

DESCRIPTION
       The  Postfix  mail system uses optional tables for address
       rewriting or mail routing. These tables are usually in dbm
       or db format.

       Alternatively,  lookup  tables  can  be specified as MySQL
       databases.  In order to use MySQL lookups, define a  MySQL
       source as a lookup table in main.cf, for example:
           alias_maps = mysql:/etc/mysql-aliases.cf

       The file /etc/postfix/mysql-aliases.cf has the same format
       as the Postfix main.cf file, and can specify  the  parame-
       ters described below.

BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
       For  compatibility with other Postfix lookup tables, MySQL
       parameters can also be defined in main.cf.  In order to do
       that,  specify  as  MySQL source a name that doesn't begin
       with a slash or a dot.  The MySQL parameters will then  be
       accessible as the name you've given the source in its def-
       inition, an underscore, and the  name  of  the  parameter.
       For example, if the map is specified as "mysql:mysqlname",
       the parameter "hosts" below would be defined in main.cf as
       "mysqlname_hosts".

       Note:  with this form, the passwords for the MySQL sources
       are written in main.cf, which is normally  world-readable.
       Support  for this form will be removed in a future Postfix
       version.

       Postfix 2.2 has enhanced query interfaces  for  MySQL  and
       PostgreSQL;  these  include  features previously available
       only in the Postfix LDAP client. In the new interface  the
       SQL  query  is  specified  via  a  single  query parameter
       (described in more detail  below).   When  the  new  query
       parameter  is not specified in the map definition, Postfix
       reverts to the old interface,  with  the  SQL  query  con-
       structed  from  the  select_field,  table, where_field and
       additional_conditions parameters.  The old interface  will
       be  gradually  phased out. To migrate to the new interface
       set:

           query = SELECT [select_field]
               FROM [table]
               WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
                   [additional_conditions]

       Insert the value, not the name, of each legacy  parameter.
       Note  that the additional_conditions parameter is optional
       and if not empty, will always start with AND.

LIST MEMBERSHIP
       When using SQL to store lists such as $mynetworks, $mydes-
       tination,  $relay_domains, $local_recipient_maps, etc., it
       is important to understand that the table must store  each
       list  member  as a separate key. The table lookup verifies
       the *existence* of the  key.  See  "Postfix  lists  versus
       tables"  in the DATABASE_README document for a discussion.

       Do NOT create tables that return the full list of  domains
       in  $mydestination or $relay_domains etc., or IP addresses
       in $mynetworks.

       DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with
       an  arbitrary value. With SQL databases it is not uncommon
       to return the key itself or a constant value.

MYSQL PARAMETERS
       hosts  The hosts that Postfix will try to connect  to  and
              query from.  Specify unix: for UNIX domain sockets,
              inet: for TCP connections (default).  Example:
                  hosts = host1.some.domain host2.some.domain
                  hosts = unix:/file/name

              The hosts are tried in random order, with all  con-
              nections  over  UNIX  domain  sockets  being  tried
              before those over TCP.  The connections  are  auto-
              matically  closed  after  being  idle  for  about 1
              minute, and are  re-opened  as  necessary.  Postfix
              versions  2.0 and earlier do not randomize the host
              order.

              NOTE: if you specify localhost as a hostname  (even
              if you prefix it with inet:), MySQL will connect to
              the  default  UNIX  domain  socket.   In  order  to
              instruct MySQL to connect to localhost over TCP you
              have to specify
                  hosts = 127.0.0.1

       user, password
              The user name and password to log  into  the  mysql
              server.  Example:
                  user = someone
                  password = some_password

       dbname The database name on the servers. Example:
                  dbname = customer_database

       query  The SQL query template used to search the database,
              where %s is a substitute for the address Postfix is
              trying to resolve, e.g.
                  query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'

              This  parameter  supports  the following '%' expan-
              sions:

              %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

              %s     This  is  replaced  by  the  input key.  SQL
                     quoting is used to make sure that the  input
                     key  does not add unexpected metacharacters.

              %u     When the input key is an address of the form
                     user@domain,  %u  is  replaced  by  the  SQL
                     quoted local part of  the  address.   Other-
                     wise,  %u  is  replaced by the entire search
                     string.  If  the  localpart  is  empty,  the
                     query  is suppressed and returns no results.

              %d     When the input key is an address of the form
                     user@domain,  %d  is  replaced  by  the  SQL
                     quoted domain part of the  address.   Other-
                     wise, the query is suppressed and returns no
                     results.

              %[SUD] The  upper-case  equivalents  of  the  above
                     expansions  behave  in  the  query parameter
                     identically  to  their  lower-case  counter-
                     parts.   With  the  result_format  parameter
                     (see  below),  they  expand  the  input  key
                     rather than the result value.

              %[1-9] The  patterns %1, %2, ... %9 are replaced by
                     the corresponding most significant component
                     of  the input key's domain. If the input key
                     is user@mail.example.com, then %1 is com, %2
                     is  example and %3 is mail. If the input key
                     is  unqualified  or  does  not  have  enough
                     domain  components to satisfy all the speci-
                     fied patterns, the query is  suppressed  and
                     returns no results.

              The  domain  parameter  described  below limits the
              input keys to addresses in matching  domains.  When
              the  domain parameter is non-empty, SQL queries for
              unqualified addresses or addresses in  non-matching
              domains are suppressed and return no results.

              This  parameter  is  available with Postfix 2.2. In
              prior releases the SQL query  was  built  from  the
              separate     parameters:    select_field,    table,
              where_field and additional_conditions. The  mapping
              from the old parameters to the equivalent query is:

                  SELECT [select_field]
                  FROM [table]
                  WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
                        [additional_conditions]

              The '%s' in the WHERE clause expands to the escaped
              search  string.   With  Postfix  2.2  these  legacy
              parameters are used if the query parameter  is  not
              specified.

              NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.

       result_format (default: %s)
              Format template applied to result attributes.  Most
              commonly  used  to  append (or prepend) text to the
              result. This parameter supports the  following  '%'
              expansions:

              %%     This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

              %s     This is replaced by the value of the  result
                     attribute.   When  result  is  empty  it  is
                     skipped.

              %u     When  the  result  attribute  value  is   an
                     address  of  the  form  user@domain,  %u  is
                     replaced by the local part of  the  address.
                     When the result has an empty localpart it is
                     skipped.

              %d     When a result attribute value is an  address
                     of  the  form user@domain, %d is replaced by
                     the domain part of the attribute value. When
                     the result is unqualified it is skipped.

              %[SUD1-9]
                     The  upper-case and decimal digit expansions
                     interpolate  the  parts  of  the  input  key
                     rather  than  the  result. Their behavior is
                     identical to that described with query,  and
                     in  fact  because  the input key is known in
                     advance, queries whose key does not  contain
                     all  the information specified in the result
                     template  are  suppressed  and   return   no
                     results.

              For  example,  using  "result_format  =  smtp:[%s]"
              allows one to use a mailHost attribute as the basis
              of  a transport(5) table. After applying the result
              format, multiple values are concatenated  as  comma
              separated  strings. The expansion_limit and parame-
              ter explained below allows one to restrict the num-
              ber  of  values  in the result, which is especially
              useful for maps that must return at most one value.

              The  default  value  %s  specifies that each result
              value should be used as is.

              This parameter is available with  Postfix  2.2  and
              later.

              NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!

       domain (default: no domain list)
              This  is a list of domain names, paths to files, or
              dictionaries. When specified, only fully  qualified
              search  keys  with  a  *non-empty*  localpart and a
              matching domain are  eligible  for  lookup:  'user'
              lookups,  bare domain lookups and "@domain" lookups
              are not performed. This  can  significantly  reduce
              the query load on the MySQL server.
                  domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains

              It is best not to use SQL to store the domains eli-
              gible for SQL lookups.

              This parameter is available with  Postfix  2.2  and
              later.

              NOTE:  DO  NOT  define  this parameter for local(8)
              aliases, because the input keys are always unquali-
              fied.

       expansion_limit (default: 0)
              A  limit  on  the  total  number of result elements
              returned (as a comma separated list)  by  a  lookup
              against  the  map.   A setting of zero disables the
              limit. Lookups fail with a temporary error  if  the
              limit  is exceeded.  Setting the limit to 1 ensures
              that lookups do not return multiple values.

OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACE
       This section describes an interface that is deprecated  as
       of  Postfix  2.2. It is replaced by the more general query
       interface described above.   If  the  query  parameter  is
       defined,  the  legacy  parameters  described here ignored.
       Please migrate to the new interface as the  legacy  inter-
       face may be removed in a future release.

       The  following  parameters can be used to fill in a SELECT
       template statement of the form:

           SELECT [select_field]
           FROM [table]
           WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
                 [additional_conditions]

       The specifier %s is replaced by the search string, and  is
       escaped so if it contains single quotes or other odd char-
       acters, it will not cause a parse error, or worse, a secu-
       rity problem.

       select_field
              The SQL "select" parameter. Example:
                  select_field = forw_addr

       table  The SQL "select .. from" table name. Example:
                  table = mxaliases

       where_field
              The SQL "select .. where" parameter. Example:
                  where_field = alias

       additional_conditions
              Additional conditions to the SQL query. Example:
                  additional_conditions = AND status = 'paid'

SEE ALSO
       postmap(1), Postfix lookup table maintenance
       postconf(5), configuration parameters
       ldap_table(5), LDAP lookup tables
       pgsql_table(5), PostgreSQL lookup tables

README FILES
       DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
       MYSQL_README, Postfix MYSQL client guide

LICENSE
       The Secure Mailer license must be  distributed  with  this
       software.

HISTORY
       MySQL support was introduced with Postfix version 1.0.

AUTHOR(S)
       Original implementation by:
       Scott Cotton, Joshua Marcus
       IC Group, Inc.

       Further enhancements by:
       Liviu Daia
       Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
       P.O. BOX 1-764
       RO-014700 Bucharest, ROMANIA

                                                                MYSQL_TABLE(5)