MYSQL_TABLE(5) MYSQL_TABLE(5)
NAME
mysql_table - Postfix MySQL client configuration
SYNOPSIS
postmap -q "string" mysql:/etc/postfix/filename
postmap -q - mysql:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile
DESCRIPTION
The Postfix mail system uses optional tables for address
rewriting or mail routing. These tables are usually in dbm
or db format.
Alternatively, lookup tables can be specified as MySQL
databases. In order to use MySQL lookups, define a MySQL
source as a lookup table in main.cf, for example:
alias_maps = mysql:/etc/mysql-aliases.cf
The file /etc/postfix/mysql-aliases.cf has the same format
as the Postfix main.cf file, and can specify the parame-
ters described below.
BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
For compatibility with other Postfix lookup tables, MySQL
parameters can also be defined in main.cf. In order to do
that, specify as MySQL source a name that doesn't begin
with a slash or a dot. The MySQL parameters will then be
accessible as the name you've given the source in its def-
inition, an underscore, and the name of the parameter.
For example, if the map is specified as "mysql:mysqlname",
the parameter "hosts" below would be defined in main.cf as
"mysqlname_hosts".
Note: with this form, the passwords for the MySQL sources
are written in main.cf, which is normally world-readable.
Support for this form will be removed in a future Postfix
version.
Postfix 2.2 has enhanced query interfaces for MySQL and
PostgreSQL; these include features previously available
only in the Postfix LDAP client. In the new interface the
SQL query is specified via a single query parameter
(described in more detail below). When the new query
parameter is not specified in the map definition, Postfix
reverts to the old interface, with the SQL query con-
structed from the select_field, table, where_field and
additional_conditions parameters. The old interface will
be gradually phased out. To migrate to the new interface
set:
query = SELECT [select_field]
FROM [table]
WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
[additional_conditions]
Insert the value, not the name, of each legacy parameter.
Note that the additional_conditions parameter is optional
and if not empty, will always start with AND.
LIST MEMBERSHIP
When using SQL to store lists such as $mynetworks, $mydes-
tination, $relay_domains, $local_recipient_maps, etc., it
is important to understand that the table must store each
list member as a separate key. The table lookup verifies
the *existence* of the key. See "Postfix lists versus
tables" in the DATABASE_README document for a discussion.
Do NOT create tables that return the full list of domains
in $mydestination or $relay_domains etc., or IP addresses
in $mynetworks.
DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with
an arbitrary value. With SQL databases it is not uncommon
to return the key itself or a constant value.
MYSQL PARAMETERS
hosts The hosts that Postfix will try to connect to and
query from. Specify unix: for UNIX domain sockets,
inet: for TCP connections (default). Example:
hosts = host1.some.domain host2.some.domain
hosts = unix:/file/name
The hosts are tried in random order, with all con-
nections over UNIX domain sockets being tried
before those over TCP. The connections are auto-
matically closed after being idle for about 1
minute, and are re-opened as necessary. Postfix
versions 2.0 and earlier do not randomize the host
order.
NOTE: if you specify localhost as a hostname (even
if you prefix it with inet:), MySQL will connect to
the default UNIX domain socket. In order to
instruct MySQL to connect to localhost over TCP you
have to specify
hosts = 127.0.0.1
user, password
The user name and password to log into the mysql
server. Example:
user = someone
password = some_password
dbname The database name on the servers. Example:
dbname = customer_database
query The SQL query template used to search the database,
where %s is a substitute for the address Postfix is
trying to resolve, e.g.
query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'
This parameter supports the following '%' expan-
sions:
%% This is replaced by a literal '%' character.
%s This is replaced by the input key. SQL
quoting is used to make sure that the input
key does not add unexpected metacharacters.
%u When the input key is an address of the form
user@domain, %u is replaced by the SQL
quoted local part of the address. Other-
wise, %u is replaced by the entire search
string. If the localpart is empty, the
query is suppressed and returns no results.
%d When the input key is an address of the form
user@domain, %d is replaced by the SQL
quoted domain part of the address. Other-
wise, the query is suppressed and returns no
results.
%[SUD] The upper-case equivalents of the above
expansions behave in the query parameter
identically to their lower-case counter-
parts. With the result_format parameter
(see below), they expand the input key
rather than the result value.
%[1-9] The patterns %1, %2, ... %9 are replaced by
the corresponding most significant component
of the input key's domain. If the input key
is user@mail.example.com, then %1 is com, %2
is example and %3 is mail. If the input key
is unqualified or does not have enough
domain components to satisfy all the speci-
fied patterns, the query is suppressed and
returns no results.
The domain parameter described below limits the
input keys to addresses in matching domains. When
the domain parameter is non-empty, SQL queries for
unqualified addresses or addresses in non-matching
domains are suppressed and return no results.
This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2. In
prior releases the SQL query was built from the
separate parameters: select_field, table,
where_field and additional_conditions. The mapping
from the old parameters to the equivalent query is:
SELECT [select_field]
FROM [table]
WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
[additional_conditions]
The '%s' in the WHERE clause expands to the escaped
search string. With Postfix 2.2 these legacy
parameters are used if the query parameter is not
specified.
NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.
result_format (default: %s)
Format template applied to result attributes. Most
commonly used to append (or prepend) text to the
result. This parameter supports the following '%'
expansions:
%% This is replaced by a literal '%' character.
%s This is replaced by the value of the result
attribute. When result is empty it is
skipped.
%u When the result attribute value is an
address of the form user@domain, %u is
replaced by the local part of the address.
When the result has an empty localpart it is
skipped.
%d When a result attribute value is an address
of the form user@domain, %d is replaced by
the domain part of the attribute value. When
the result is unqualified it is skipped.
%[SUD1-9]
The upper-case and decimal digit expansions
interpolate the parts of the input key
rather than the result. Their behavior is
identical to that described with query, and
in fact because the input key is known in
advance, queries whose key does not contain
all the information specified in the result
template are suppressed and return no
results.
For example, using "result_format = smtp:[%s]"
allows one to use a mailHost attribute as the basis
of a transport(5) table. After applying the result
format, multiple values are concatenated as comma
separated strings. The expansion_limit and parame-
ter explained below allows one to restrict the num-
ber of values in the result, which is especially
useful for maps that must return at most one value.
The default value %s specifies that each result
value should be used as is.
This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and
later.
NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!
domain (default: no domain list)
This is a list of domain names, paths to files, or
dictionaries. When specified, only fully qualified
search keys with a *non-empty* localpart and a
matching domain are eligible for lookup: 'user'
lookups, bare domain lookups and "@domain" lookups
are not performed. This can significantly reduce
the query load on the MySQL server.
domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains
It is best not to use SQL to store the domains eli-
gible for SQL lookups.
This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and
later.
NOTE: DO NOT define this parameter for local(8)
aliases, because the input keys are always unquali-
fied.
expansion_limit (default: 0)
A limit on the total number of result elements
returned (as a comma separated list) by a lookup
against the map. A setting of zero disables the
limit. Lookups fail with a temporary error if the
limit is exceeded. Setting the limit to 1 ensures
that lookups do not return multiple values.
OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACE
This section describes an interface that is deprecated as
of Postfix 2.2. It is replaced by the more general query
interface described above. If the query parameter is
defined, the legacy parameters described here ignored.
Please migrate to the new interface as the legacy inter-
face may be removed in a future release.
The following parameters can be used to fill in a SELECT
template statement of the form:
SELECT [select_field]
FROM [table]
WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
[additional_conditions]
The specifier %s is replaced by the search string, and is
escaped so if it contains single quotes or other odd char-
acters, it will not cause a parse error, or worse, a secu-
rity problem.
select_field
The SQL "select" parameter. Example:
select_field = forw_addr
table The SQL "select .. from" table name. Example:
table = mxaliases
where_field
The SQL "select .. where" parameter. Example:
where_field = alias
additional_conditions
Additional conditions to the SQL query. Example:
additional_conditions = AND status = 'paid'
SEE ALSO
postmap(1), Postfix lookup table maintenance
postconf(5), configuration parameters
ldap_table(5), LDAP lookup tables
pgsql_table(5), PostgreSQL lookup tables
README FILES
DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
MYSQL_README, Postfix MYSQL client guide
LICENSE
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this
software.
HISTORY
MySQL support was introduced with Postfix version 1.0.
AUTHOR(S)
Original implementation by:
Scott Cotton, Joshua Marcus
IC Group, Inc.
Further enhancements by:
Liviu Daia
Institute of Mathematics of the Romanian Academy
P.O. BOX 1-764
RO-014700 Bucharest, ROMANIA
MYSQL_TABLE(5)